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Recent Submissions
In vitro inhibitory effect of plant extracts on growth of seed-borne Alternaria alternata fungs
(Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”, 2018-12-05) Farehani, Saeideh Maleki; Paravar, Arezoo; Eisanejad, Nasrin S.
Antifungal substances of plant origin could be used as an inhibitor to control fungal seed diseases growth and development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of few medicinal plants (Fennel, Cichorium, Asafoetida, Echinacea, Balangu (Lady’s mantle and Olender) on growth and development of Alternaria alternata fungi. The experimental treatments were arranged as factorial and the data was analyzed based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The effect of seed and plant extracts, plant type (plant), and their interactions were significant on the fungal growth and development. The strong antifungal properties of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of balangu and oleander showed a broad-spectrum natural antifungal resistance in those plants. However, the results indicated a high resistance for A. alternata against the aqueous extract of fennel. This study concluded a high potential for alcoholic extract of balangu and oleander (100% inhibition) in the biological control of the A. alternata fungus.
Effect of irrigation scheduling on some characteristics of Barley under water deficit conditions
(Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”, 2018-11-06) Safdari, Seyyedeh Fahimeh; Farahani, Saeideh Maleki; Eskandari, Ali; Nezhad, Asghar Abbas
A field experiment was conducted during 2016-2017 to investigate the effect of irrigation scheduling on three barley cultivars viz. Nosrat, Roudasht and Behrokh under water deficit stress conditions. Irrigation treatment was applied based on the maximum allowable depletion of available soil water. Treatment levels comprised of irrigation scheduled at: (I1) 30%; (I2) 60%; and (I3) 90% depletion of available soil water which was applied after flowering stage. Results showed that all traits were significantly reduced with increase in the severity of stress due to reduction in the availability of water. However, no significant reduction was observed for cultivar Nosrat regarding grain yield, biological yield and the number of spikes per plant between I2 and I3 treatment levels. Estimation of production functions with respect to yield contributing traits revealed that, at a severe drought stress, the order of the importance of yield-contributing traits was as: harvest index>biomass>spikes per plant>grains per spike. Based on the results, to achieve the highest grain yield and grain total protein content, irrigation should be scheduled at a maximum allowable depletion equal to 30% of available soil water. Nevertheless, an economic production can be achieved with a delayed irrigation.
Growth and development of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in response to temperature pre-treatment and environmental conditions
(Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”, 2018-11-06) Zahmati, Roghaieh; Shekari, Hosein Amir; Fotokian, Mohammd Hosein
Climatic indices, such as temperature, have an important role in saffron yield. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of temperature-controlled conditions on the growth and development of saffron. For this purpose, saffron mother corms were initially pre-treated with two temperature levels of 17 and 30 ° C for four days. The treated corms were then planted in a greenhouse. Subsequently, the young plants were transferred to the main field at 4 different times including: i) no transfer, ii) transfer immediately after flowering, iii) transfer 10 days after flowering and iv) transfer 20 days after flowering. Results showed that temperature pre-treatment of corms had no significant effect on studied traits while, time of transferring significantly affected on some traits. The plants kept in the greenhouse had more length and more number of leaves while, those that transferred immediately after flowering had more fresh weight, dry weight and diameter of corm. It seems that the temperature of the greenhouse (23-25 ° C) was suitable for vegetative growth whereas, farm temperature (10-18 ° C) led to further corm attributes.
Biochemical and molecular study of glycinebetaine synthesis in Salsola aucheri under salt stress
(Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”, 2018-11-06) Doktorzadeh, Mohammad Ali; Movafeghi, Ali; Nosrati, Houshang; Salehi-Lisar, Seyed Yahya; Feizi, Mohammad Ali Hosseinpour
Salinity promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative damages of different cellular components. Thus, salt stress tolerance requires activation of antioxidative pathways to protect plant cells from damages. In this study, seedlings of Salsola aucheri were treated with 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mM of NaCl and consequently the activities of some antioxidant enzymes were evaluated. Enhanced activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined by the increasing salinity to 300 mM. Furthermore, accumulation of glycinebetaine (GB) as a common response to salt stress was assessed. Accordingly, concentration of GB enhanced by the increasing concentration of NaCl and decreased at higher salinity. Assessing the activity of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) as a key enzyme in biosynthesis of GB showed that BADH activity enhanced by increasing salinity to 300 mM and decreased at higher concentrations. Cloning and characterization of BADH cDNA from Salsola aucheri and the expression pattern of BADH transcript were also examined. An open reading frame of 797 bp encoded a protein which showed high homology to BADH enzymes in other plants. These results suggest that salinity tolerance of Salsola aucheri might be closely associated with the increasing function of antioxidative system to scavenge reactive oxygen species and with the accumulation of osmoprotectant glycinebetaine contents under salinity conditions.
Production of ACE-inhibitory peptides in milk fermented with selected lactic acid bacteria
(Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”, 2018-11-06) Panayotova, Teodora; Pashova-Baltova, Kalinka; Dimitrov, Zhechko
The ability of lactic acid bacteria to release bioactive peptides is strain specific and is dependent of the dairy processing conditions. In the present study we developed a starter for fermented milk with increased proteolytic and peptidolytic activity. The structure and concentration of bioactive peptides are strongly dependent on the strain-specific proteolytic complex. It could be expected that such peptides would be released during the process of manufacture of fermented milk. Among the possible bioactivities of released peptides is the inhibitory effect against angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), whose increased activity could lead to elevation of the blood pressure. Evaluation of several peptides with proven ACE-inhibitory activity was performed by LC-MS-MS. The structure of these peptides was determined by comparison with peptide library. The quantification of IPP, VPP, and ALPM was performed by SRM MS3 method using certified standards. The ACE inhibitory effect was expressed as the peptide concentration needed to inhibit 50% of ACE activity (IC50). In this study we developed a starter containing L. helveticus, L. bulgaricus, and S. thermophilus strains. The strains L. helveticus A1 and L. bulgaricus J24 possess strong proteolytic complex which lead to increased content of ACE inhibitory peptides. After a pilot production of fermented yoghurt with the developed starter the ACE inhibitory effect was confirmed using enzyme assay. The inclusion of the highly proteolytic strain L. helveticus A1 in the starter culture leads to increased production of bioactive peptides in the fermented milk.