DSpace 7

DSpace is the world leading open source repository platform that enables organisations to:

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HOW LEGAL ARE DRUG TESTS? LEGAL ENTITY

(Plovdiv University Press, 2025-11-25) Andreeva, Cindy

The report examines the legality of drug tests used by law enforcement agencies, emphasizing the need to follow established procedures for their validity. Issues such as false positives caused by technical flaws, reactions to legal substances, and procedural violations are addressed. The main problems with the probative value of the tests are discussed. In addition, the report suggests improving the devices with which they are tested, greater awareness of citizens about their rights, and more. Lawful procedures themselves are key to avoiding undue sanctions.

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APPEAL OF ELECTRONIC TICKETS

(Plovdiv University Press, 2025-11-25) Yusein, Melisa

This paper aims to discuss the procedure for appealing electronic ticket ticket ticket, which is a current problem for the citizens of the Republic of Bulgaria. This issue is currently a major one, because with each passing year the number of motor vehicles increases and various technical means for measuring speed are being used in Bulgaria. The possible consequences of the appeal will also be considered, as well as its importance for protecting the rights of citizens and strengthening the legal order in the country.

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PENALTIES IN BULGARIAN LAW: COMPARISON BETWEEN THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE RULES AND THE LAW ON ADMINISTRATIVE OFFENCES AND PENALTIES

(Plovdiv University Press, 2025-11-25) Yordanov, Krasimir

This report aims to compare the penalties in the Criminal Procedure Rules and in the Law on Administrative Penalties and Offences, to analyse the similarities and differences with which the legislator has separated administrative penalties from penalties in the Criminal Procedure Rules . It will address the question of the necessity for this separation between penalties in the Administrative Penalties and Offences and in the Criminal Procedure Rules. And whether there was really a need for the creation of "specialised courts' to resolve issues related to administrative offences, or should they have been left to the jurisdiction of the District Courts and the special part of the Criminal Procedure Rules.

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REFUSALS UNDER ARTICLE 174, PARAGRAPH 3 OF THE LAW ON ROAD TRAFFIC FOR A DRIVER TO UNDERGO A TEST FOR ALCOHOL AND/OR DRUGS IN THE BLOOD ARE TWO INDEPENDENT ADMINISTRATIVE OFFENCES, AND IN THIS CASE THE NORM UNDER ARTICLE 18 OF ZANN

(Plovdiv University Press, 2025-11-25) Georgieva, Gergana

This article analyzes the provisions of Article 174, Paragraph 3 of the Road Traffic Act and Interpretative Decision No. 13 dated December 20, 2021, issued by the Supreme Administrative Court. The study focuses on the key concepts of “administrative violation” and “administrative penalty,” as well as the general principle concerning the prohibition of accumulating administrative penalties. The article also examines opinions expressed by lawyers and judges on the matter, along with the dissenting opinion in the aforementioned interpretative decision.

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PROBATIVE VALUE OF ACTS DRAWN UP UNDER ARTICLE 189(2) OF THE ROAD TRAFFIC ACT

(Plovdiv University Press, 2025-11-25) Hodzha, Bairie

The present study aims to provide information on the evidentiary value of regularly drawn up acts under the Road Traffic Act. The legal status of the drawn up fiches, respectively of the act establishing an administrative violation, prerequisites, as well as their appeal will be examined. Attention will also be paid to the presumption of guilt, which is an important part of the intended legislative result under the legal norm formulated in this way.