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IS THE PROCEEDINGS IN THE CASE SUBJECT TO SUSPENSION DUE TO A PRELIMINARY (PREJUDICIAL) REFERENCE MADE BY ANOTHER COURT PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 628 ET SEQ. OF THE CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE?

(Plovdiv University Press, 2026-01-14) Parparova, Diyana

The present work examines a frequently encountered hypothesis, namely whether proceedings are subject to suspension where a preliminary reference has been made to the Court of Justice of the European Union by another national court, which would be determinative for the outcome of the case. The paper analyses divergent judicial practice regarding whether the court is obliged to stay the proceedings and on what legal basis such a stay may be ordered, while also presenting certain considerations of the author. The possibility of appealing the judicial act by which the court orders the suspension of the proceedings in the examined hypothesis is also discussed. A proposal is made for amending the relevant legal provision with a view to ensuring uniformity in judicial practice.

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IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CHARTER OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION BY MEMBER STATES

(Plovdiv University Press, 2026-01-14) Valcheva, Alexandra

The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU is the act through which the supranational European organization sui generis has completed its legal system for the protection of fundamental human rights and freedoms. The exceptional importance of this European document has been recognized in the doctrine and in the judicial practice, in which for decades a number of scholars and judges have analyzed its content. The effective protection of the fundamental rights, freedoms and principles enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU could only be achieved if it is correctly interpreted and applied by the European institutions and bodies, and especially by the Member States. Some of the latter, however, do not so strictly observe the rule of application of HOPES only in those cases in which they apply the law of the Union, proclaimed in Article 51, paragraph 1 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU. Therefore, the national authorities entrusted with the implementation of the European act should continuously increase their knowledge of its legal characteristics and peculiarities, especially of its field of application, which will be the subject of the present analysis.

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Breeding density and habitat preferences of the European Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur Linnaeus, 1758 (Columbiformes: Columbidae) in Bulgaria: preliminary results

(Plovdiv University Press "Paisii Hilendarski", 2026-01-15) Gruychev, Gradimir; Stoyanov, Stoyan; Angelov, Evlogi; Mihaylov, Hristo

We conducted country-wide surveys from 15 May to 31 July 2022 to quantify singing males’ population size and habitat-specific density of Turtle Dove (Streptopelia turtur). We applied point counts at survey stations situated in 11 plot locations systematically distributed across the country. The average Turtle Dove’s density was estimated as 10.1 singing birds per 1 km2 (λ = 10.084, SE = 0.674, 95% CI: 8.846 – 11.496). The mean detection probability (p) was 0.115 (95% CI: 0.105 – 0.126), and the scale parameter of half-normal detection function was 120 m (σ = 119.74 m, SE = 3.53, 95% CI: 113.03 – 126.86). The effective radius was 169.33 m (95% CI: 159.84 – 179.37). The Turtle Dove densities were influenced by altitude with lower densities in higher elevations. The number of singing males increased from May to July. The abundance was influenced by habitat type and land cover, and it was positively correlated with tree height and shrub height measured around sampling points. The highest densities were recorded around stubbles, sunflower crops, and in a mixture of agricultural land cover, although their importance was insignificant. The density of singing males was higher in open areas, in oak and mixed deciduous forests, and in Paliurus communities as well.

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THE USE OF THE PUPPET THEATRE AS A TOOL FOR TEACHING AND STIMULATING STUDENTS’ IMAGINATION

(Plovdiv University Press, 2026) Kapon, Zoya

This article examines a working educational theatrical practice that has been established in the dynamically developing contemporary theatrical art, namely the work with theatre puppets for the development of actors' imagination. Puppet theatrical techniques, with their specificity, possess a high educational potential for building vivid imagination, spontaneity and creativity in the process of educating contemporary multifunctional actors.

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TOWARDS A FULLY CROSS-PLATFORM, UNICODE-COMPLIANT, SOFTWARE ENTRY SYSTEM FOR DIGITISATION OF OLD BULGARIAN TEXTS

(Plovdiv University Press, 2026) Mathewson, John

This article makes a case for moving from a plethora of ways of digitising Old Bulgarian texts that are incompatible with each other towards a software package that is cross-platform and results in texts that utilise the Unicode standard and are completely cross-compatible. It also describes the programming of just such a software package.