DATA TRANSFER IN THE EU AND TOWARDS THIRD COUNTRIES
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Date
2025-12-15
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Plovdiv University Press
Abstract
The protection of personal data stands out as one of the most pressing topics of the last decade. The issue of its processing and transfer is multifaceted, and protecting personal data is not only the responsibility of states, which must safeguard the fundamental rights of their citizens, but also requires a more comprehensive review of the obligations imposed on the private sector. While relative clarity has emerged in recent years regarding practices at the national and European levels, the issue of data transfers to third countries is still open. This paper aims to examine the applicable data protection standards at European level, as well as the practices concerning data transfers to third countries. There is ongoing concern about whether other jurisdictions with close economic relations with Europe, such as the US, China, Saudi Arabia, etc., maintain sufficiently strict regimes to protect users’ personal information. How, then, should a data controller proceed when transferring data to partners in a third country to provide service? What are the hidden risks associated with new technologies, such as cloud services, where data transfers may not be fully traceable? This paper will address these and other relevant questions. Last but not least, building on existing legislative initiatives, the paper will also propose a standard for data protection in transfers to third countries.
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Keywords
data transfer, personal data, cloud services, third parties, data protec-tion standards, fundamental rights