Verba iuvenium

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ISSN 2682-9460

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A FEW NOTES ON THE GENRE MODELS WITHIN THE CONFINES OF “THE GREAT TESTAMENT” BY FRANÇOIS VILLON
(Plovdiv University Press, 2025-05-17) Vasilev, Yoan
François Villon is a well-known poet from the Late Middle Ages and is often labeled as a forerunner of The Cursed Poets. His life is filled with wandering, crimes, stays in dungeons but also with residence in aristocratic courts. The current study examines The Great Testament by François Villon and its objective is to shed light on the different genre variations in the confines of Villon’s text. Firstly a short overview of the different receptions of medieval authors’ activity is made. Afterwards the study shifts its course towards unraveling the more prominent genres such as testament and ballad and the smaller ones such as legend, epitaph, advice etc. The text makes an effort to proof that the ostensible chaos which is consisted of different genres is a means for The Great Testament by Villon to acquire the characteristics of a monolithic and syncretic creation in which each miniscule form has its own particular place.
ADAPTATION OF BIASPECTUAL VERBS ENDING IN -IRAM/-IZIRAM TO THE BULGARIAN VERB INFLECTION
(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-05-17) Mihaylov, Patrick
The object of the present study is the process of adaptation of verbs of foreign origin into the Bulgarian language, with a focus on those ending in -iram or its extended variant -iziram, and their integration into the established paradigms of verb conjugation. These verbs are categorized as biaspectual, indicating that their aspectual form is variable and contingent upon the context of the sentence. As biaspectual verbs are an occurrence specific to the Slavic languages, the purpose of the current study is to analyze problems and inconsistencies within the process of adapting such verbs to the verb inflection of the Bulgarian language.
ADAPTATION OF NEOLOGISMS TO THE BULGARIAN WORD FORMATION. NAMES OF FOODS
(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-05-17) Marinov, Stefan
New words (also called neologisms) enter the Bulgarian language under the influence of two processes: internationalization and nationalization. The first is expressed in increasing the international vocabulary, and the second – in preserving the specifics of the language (domestication). It is the second one that is of interest for this research – how new words enter the Bulgarian language and by “how” we mean their adaptation to the already established linguistic paradigms. The study is narrowed down to the sphere in which informal speech usually prevails, because that is where we expect the most linguistic innovation – the home-related sphere and more specifically the names of foods that are used in it. The study was performed by monitoring 10 selected words in the following three sources: the Bulgarian PoS Annotated Corpus, Bulgarian National Reference Corpus (BNRC), and Google.
ADJECTIVIZATION LEVELS OF THE PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE IN CONTEMPORARY BULGARIAN
(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-05-17) Radilov, Samuil
The study focuses on the adjectivization of present active participles in contemporary Bulgarian language, highlighting, firstly, the differences of the phenomenon with respect to the adjectivization of other participles and, secondly, the non-uniformity of the process conditioned by the specifics of the present active participle. The latter is evidenced by several Bulgarian dictionaries which appear to be key to the study insofar as the observation of the lexicographical material included substantiates the theses put forward. Particular attention is paid to the perspectives in the development of adjectivization as a process rivaling the tendency towards semi-predicative use of participles.
ANALYTIC IMPERATIVE FORMS IN MODERN BULGARIAN AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL ANALOGUES IN ENGLISH
(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-05-17) Petrova, Denitsa
The current study focuses on the analytic imperative forms in Modern Bulgarian and their functional analogues in Modern English. The main reason for choosing this topic is related to the variety of imperative forms and constructions and the different ways in which analytic imperative forms in Bulgarian are translated into English. Based on a comparative analysis between the two languages, it is concluded that the paradigm of the analytic imperative in Modern Bulgarian is considerably richer in formal attitude compared to the paradigm of the imperative in Modern English.
DEATH AND EROTISM IN THE SHORT STORY “THE CRIMSON CURTAIN” BY D'AUREVILLY
(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-05-17) Nikolova, Silvia
The current paper aims to make an analysis of the death-erotism line in the short story “The Crimson Curtain” by Barbey d'Aurevilly, which is situated in two perspectives. Firstly, in the figure of the main character, Miss Albertine, passing successively from an intense state of “la petite mort” (or “little death”) to the fatal freezing of actual death. From that moment on, the Vicomte de Brassard is the perpetrator, not of an act of love, but of excess. The second aspect is marked with the sign of necrophilia. The “demonic tendency” (about which Baudelaire speaks) in the art of the 19th century is kept: the leitmotif of the diabolical, however, is manifested in a markedly ambiguous way – the text remains silent too much, and what it does say is filtered through the aesthetics of dandyism.
FALSE ANGLICISMS IN BULGARIAN YOUTH SLANG
(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-05-17) Todorova, Tanya
The aim of this paper is to analyze the formal and semantic aspects of false anglicisms used among Bulgarian youth employing Cristiano Furiassi's approach to pseudo-borrowings. The examination of the acquired data leads to the statement that five categories of pseudo-borrowing from English are represented in Bulgarian slang: autonomous derivatives, compound ellipses, clippings, semantic shifts and generic trademarks. Furthermore, the study focuses on the properties of blends built out of English and Bulgarian source words. The empirical data is excerpted from the open access slang dictionary BG jargon.
IN FIRST-PERSON, SINGULAR (AN OVERVIEW OF THE BULGARIAN EPIGRAPHS OF THE 12TH – 15TH CENTURIES)
(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-05-17) Ilieva, Velichka
The current paper focuses on who, why and how creates epigraphs that speak in first-person, singular. For this purpose, we analyzed 45 inscriptions, composed in Bulgarian and dated from the 12th–15th centuries. The research has three tasks: to indicate the probable “authors” of these inscriptions; to consider the reasons for writing them – what is “written about” and what is “done” in first-person, singular; to mark the individual motives transferred from one culture to another through the formulas and “cultural clichés” used in the texts. Also, a linguistic comment is made on word forms marking specific linguistic processes.
„JUST ONE MORE WALTZ WITH YOU“ – MUSICAL REFERENCES IN F. SCOTT FITZGERALD’S NOVEL “THE GREAT GATSBY”
(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-05-17) Lateva, Trayana
The musical layer embedded in some of the works of the American writer F. Scott Fitzgerald has attracted the curiosity of scholars and has been a central object of research since the second half of the 20th century. This fact, as well as the author's interest in music, which he maintained throughout his entire life, and the influence of it on the popular culture of the 1920s, lay at the basis of the idea of providing a closer look at some of the musical references made in Fitzgerald’s most famous piece of writing, “The Great Gatsby” (1925). The present paper chooses to focus on three of the eight songs identified in the novel in order to demonstrate that their mutual interweaving enriches the narrative by either setting a different perspective to previously registered themes, motifs and symbols and their meaning, or further confirming what is already known about the characters and the motivation behind their actions.
LINGUISTIC MEANS OF EXPRESSING SECONDARY SPEECH IN MODERN BULGARIAN AND ITALIAN
(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-05-17) Boyadzhiev, Bozhidar
The object of our research is the FSF of commentability in the Bulgarian language, as well as the functional-semantic equivalents of the category in the Italian language. Special attention is paid to grammatic over-telling. Our motivation to dwell on this topic is the fact that “the so-called restatement of the verb action is one of the most characteristic features of the Bulgarian language in relation to other Slavic languages and in relation to almost all Indo-European languages” (Gerdzhikov/Gerdzhikov 1984: 3).
MIMETIC DESIRE AND THE PROCESS OF CRYSTALLIZATION IN THE LETTER OF MADAME DE RENAL
(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-05-17) Georgieva, Kristina
René Girard offers his own interpretation of love in fiction, building on familiar mimetic theories but adding his own element. Love becomes an object of study because the romantic myth of two lovers is decrystallized. A mimetic triangle is formed, which is composed of a love object, a subject and a mediator. The subject is the actor who is subject to external or internal influences. These influences arise from the clash between the subject, the mediator and the desire to emulate the mediator in order to reach the object of love. The mediator's role is specific because it generates and reinforces the subject's desire for the object. Desire is mediated. At the heart of the novel, Stendhal posits another idea of his, namely that of the process of crystallization, which consists in attributing perfections to the object of desire. Thus, there is an interweaving of the two theories and the entry of mimetic desire into the field of crystallization. A conflict arises between the two female characters who struggle for Julien Sorel's heart, subject not so much to jealousy as to mimetic rivalry.
NEGATIVE FORMS OF THE DUBITATIVE FOR FUTURE SIMPLE AND FUTURE IN THE PAST
(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-05-17) Androva, Diana
This paper discusses three hypotheses based on the choice between the four forms to express a negative dubitative semantics in Bulgarian. The first hypothesis examines the competition between two of these forms: nyamalo bil, ne shtyal bil. The second and the third hypotheses examine the uses of the forms nyamal bil, nyamalo bil. The study does not give a concrete answer to the question “which form is most commonly used to express a negative dubitative semantics”. As such we can conclude that the process of grammaticalization has not been completed yet.
ON THE PARADIGM OF DIRECT EVIDENCE FORMS IN MODERN BULGARIAN LANGUAGE
(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-05-17) Stamenov, Vasil
The paper presents the full paradigm of direct evidence forms in the Modern Bulgarian language. The thesis being defended is that grammaticalized direct evidentiality is an example of a higher linguistic abstraction. It is argued that the set of direct evidence grammatical formations should encompass not solely the indicative forms containing the morpheme -h-/-she-, but also the relative imperative forms of the type da pisheh, neka (da) pisheh, dano (da) pisheh, da byah pisal, neka (da) byah pisal, dano (da) byah pisal, da byah pisan, neka (da) byah pisan, dano da byah pisan among others, in addition to forms expressing an hypothetical condition (bih pisal among others).
ON THE QUESTION OF THE MEANING OF RELATIVE ANTERIORITY IN THE SPANISH INDICATIVE IN COMPARISON WITH BULGARIAN
(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-05-17) Tabakova, Polina
The object of the present study is the Spanish grammeme cantara1 which functions with its etymological indicative meaning of relative anteriority in the Spanish verb paradigm. Тhe perception of cantara1 as a biparticiple grammeme in Spanish (with its invariant meaning of indicative relative anteriority) is argued. However, it also functions as a form “by compatibility” in the conjunctive paradigm (cantara2) where it modalizes and expresses a subjective situation, covering the three temporal relations (anteriority, simultaneity and posteriority). In terms of comparisson, the emphasis is on the lack of a similar grammeme in Bulgarian, considering some possible functional translation equivalents.
ON THE SILVER BULLET IN THE BULGARIAN FOLK SONGS WITH A MOTIF “A VIRGIN RESCUES MALTA”
(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-05-17) Gencheva, Snezhanka
The report examines the silver bullet as a common ground between Bulgarian folk songs with the motif “A Virgin rescues Malta” and those from the cycle about Stoyan Indzhe voivode, and traces its appearance and usage in our folklore. Furthermore, the report investigates the silver bullet theme analysed in the studies of Bulgarian traditional culture. The research presented here is based on the analysis of two groups of folk songs with 61 published variants from one group and 368 records from the other. The conclusion of this report is that for the first time in Bulgarian folklore the silver bullet was used as a special instrument in the songs about Indzhe voivode, from where it accidentally passed into the already existing songs about Malta and about Delyo voivode spreading in the same geographical area and circulating between the same singers and audience. Later, the silver bullet was included in the circle of beliefs and practices among Bulgarians related to the killing of vampires looks more like a late phenomenon from the end of the 20th century – the result of an influence external to the folk culture.
ONE ALMOST CONTEMPORARY ALMOST “VITA”. ALEXEI KARAMAZOV AS A HAGIOGRAPHER
(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-05-17) Damyanova, Zlatina
The purpose of the paper is to examine the vita of Zosima from the novel "The Brothers Karamazov” as a non-canonical or modernized version of this medieval genre, and for this purpose it was “extracted/torn off” from the novel. The characteristics and elements according to which the text can or cannot be classified in terms of genre to hagiographic literature are indicated. After laying it back its function in the context of the entire novel is examined through Lotman's theory of dual codes and the mechanisms of “mirror” and “autoreflection”.
PRONUNCIATION VARIANTS IN THE STANDARD BULGARIAN LANGUAGE
(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-05-17) Koleva, Plamena
The main goal of this text is to present a general overview of the development of the norm in the Bulgarian language and the tendency of pronunciation variants in oral speech to move from the sphere of standard to substandard and nonstandard. Colloquial examples with high prevalence in recent years are considered.
SEMANTIC VARIABILITY IN THE TERMINOLOGY OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL LAW
(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-05-17) Draganov, Deyan
This paper examines the manifestation of semantic variability in the terminology of criminal procedural law. For this purpose, we use a method defined as experiential-axiological. It presents the legal term as a linguistic unit naming a concept that is conditioned by human experience and has a value orientation. Examples of polysemy, homonymy and ambisemy are given. The empirical material under investigation is drawn from both statutory acts and case law and legal doctrine.
SPECIALISED TERMS IN THE LAW ON TOURISM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-05-17) Stoynova, Desislava
Our report is devoted to tourism terms – their definitions and characteristics presented in the Law on Tourism of the Russian Federation (Federal Law “On the Basis of Tourism Activities in the Russian Federation” of 24.11.1996 N 132-FZ in its current version after the changes of 19.12.2022). The Law is the main legislative document for the development of the industry in the Russian Federation and as such defines the principles of state policy aimed at creating a legal framework for a unified tourism market in Russia, contains the basic terminology of this sphere. The law itself has undergone numerous revisions, including with regard to the number of terms defined therein. There are 38 terms in the federal law, which are examined from the thematic, structural-vocabulary and etymological points of view.
TESTING THE LINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE OF MODERN SPEAKERS OF THE BULGARIAN LANGUAGE REGARDING THE PLURAL AND NUMERAL FORMS (QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY)
(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-05-17) Boev, Nikolay
The paper deals with the issue of the plural and the numeral form, more precisely with the extent to which modern speakers of Bulgarian handle these two forms correctly. It is divided into 2 parts – the first one gives definitions of the plural and the numeral form, as well as the exceptions to the rule, and the second one presents and analyses the results of a pre-prepared survey and draws conclusions. The prepared questionnaire covers 255 respondents (we decided on this number in order to be as objective as possible when analyzing the results) from different age groups, with different types of education, and with different reasons for completing the questionnaire. The questionnaire contains 15 questions – 11 that test knowledge regarding the numeric and plural forms (7 multiple choices and 4 free response), as well as some exceptions to the rules and 4 that refer to the age of the respondents, their education, and the reason for completing the survey. The report discusses all the results in detail and draws conclusions about the general level of knowledge of the plural and numeral forms among modern native speakers of Bulgarian, as well as conclusions for each age group separately, for people with different types of education – primary, secondary, university, etc. and for respondents with philological education and respondents without such education.

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