Καιρός (Kairos)
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ISSN: 2534-8442
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Item Aphoristih(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-09-01) Nanev, AtanasItem An Essay on Metaphysics: Ch. 4(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-09-01) Collingwood, Robin GeorgeItem The Problems of Philosophy: ch. 4(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-09-01) Russell, BertrandItem The problem for understanding: limits of the language models used by artificial intelligence(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-09-01) Zhelyazkova, DenitsaThe article examines some of the most advanced language models used by artificial intelligence. It tries to answer the question, to what extent is understanding by artificial intelligence possible when using them and what are the limitations before it.Item Vulnerability at the Beginning of Life: moral issues around artificial wombs(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-09-01) Pendjurova, GerganaHuman beings are born with an inherent vulnerability, they are always in danger of being born impaired or not born at all. Today's technologies seek precisely to remove this vulnerability and to enhance the human being. Ectogenesis may be the key to providing protection against the inherent vulnerability of the unborn human being, but it itself brings with it many ethical conundrums.Item Beauty enhancement: boundaries and vulnerability(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-09-01) Kolev, IvanThe text reveals problematic perspectives related to the quest for the amplification of human beauty. Statistics are briefly presented showing the rise of cosmetic procedures, plastic and aesthetic surgery. The need to recognize and delineate healthy boundaries of appearance enhancement is emphasized. It is highlighted that the awareness of beauty service users about risks and vulnerabilities is not at a satisfactory level. The text includes studies and analyses by experts and researchers in various fields: medicine, ethics, sociology, psychology and philosophy. Vulnerabilities arising from the increased interest in beauty enhancement include risks to physical and mental health, a tendency towards low self-esteem and a lack of sufficient love for one's own body, the danger of becoming addicted to beauty enhancement through various methods and procedures, and susceptibility to external influences, including the socio-cultural environment and the digital world. The main contribution of the text is that it provides an accurate overview of the vulnerabilities associated with beauty enhancement, warns of the need to set healthy boundaries to beautification, and suggests directions for future research on the chosen issue.Item To a Possible Technological Gnosis(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-09-01) Penev, GalinThe article considers some gnostic motives in transhumanist writers whose ideas about the future of society were denounced as an antihuman utopia. The roots of this movement are closely related to the project of modernity and the author tries to reveal some aspects of the gnostic inheritance of the last three centuries. The technological growth is driven by the anthropocentric worldview and made nature just a resource store. Nature must be transformed, and human nature too: eugenics instead of ethics.Item Тhe Janus-faced abductive inference(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-09-01) Mineva, MartinaThe text offers an analysis of the problem of the abductive inference’s internal limits, attempting to extract the theoretical charge of the metaphor about Janus-faced abduction, offered by John Kaag. This problem is put into consideration through Charles Peirce's dual definition of abduction simultaneously as both a process of forming explanatory hypotheses and the only logicaloperation that presents new ideas. It is emphasized that: by going through 1) taking into account the praxeological turn in logic (20th century); 2) making sense of an analogous metaphor in Ernest Cassirer, which refers to symbolic forms; and 3) turning to an attempt to analyze Kepler's discovery of the shape of the orbit of Mars as the most emblematic example of abductive inference (as Peirce points out), it is possible to think the theoretical charge of the metaphor of the Janus-faced abduction. The results of the investigation are presented summarized with the highlighting of the following problems: 1) the modal conflict of the forbidden obligatory; 2) the weak incommensurability; and 3) the dynamics between forma formans and forma formata.Item The dilemma of proper names(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-09-01) Beshkova, AnnaThe purpose of the present text is to present the specific function of proper names. Therefore, I will initially consider the now classic concepts of the meaning of proper names, which could be divided into two main types - referential and descriptive. I will analyze the problems that each of them not only solves but also creates. In conclusion, I will present an alternative pragmatic approach to avoid the difficulties that have arisen.Item Human vulnerability and socio-political contexts(Plovdiv University Press, 2024-09-01) Simova, OlgaThis article examines human vulnerability in relation to the changing socio-political context of the contemporary world, resulting from the undermining of the established international order in recent decades as a result of Russia's large-scale war against Ukraine, military actions in explosive areas such as the Middle East, and the hybrid warfare that dictatorial regimes and terrorist organizations are waging against the free world. The poles of confrontation are outlined, broadly labelled as the global ghetto versus the global city. The second part presents the two largely contradictory discourses - modern and postmodern - within which human vulnerability in the Western world is thematized. Several themes of the discourse critical of modernity are presented, such as 'structural violence'; the specific identity of minority groups and the demand for specific rights; and postcolonialism and anti-colonialism, which require policies that contradict those derived from the modern discourse and promote ghettoization both within individual societies and in the world. The hypothesis proposed in this article is that war, especially open war, clarifies dividing lines and challenges a rethinking of emphases in defining human vulnerability.