Journal of BioScience and Biotechnology (JBB)

Permanent URI for this collection

https://doi.uni-plovdiv.bg/handle/store/2

p-ISSN: 1314-6238 / e-ISSN: 1314-6246

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 250

Halophytes and salt tolerant wild plants as a feedstock for biogas production
(Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”, 2020-04-27) Kamel, Mohamed; Hammad, Sabah; Khalaphallah, Rafat; Elazeem, Mohamed Abd
This paper describes the ability of wild plants to be investigated as feedstock in biogas production. Anaerobic degradation of four wild halophytes and salt-tolerant plants (Avicennia marina, Tamarix nilotica, Zygophyllum album, and Zygophyllum coccineum) collected from the red seacoast in Egypt was studied. Lab-scale reactors were fed with dried and milled plant biomass. Obtained results showed the highest biogas production result from A.marina 487.862 ml/VS (403.385 ml/TS) followed by T.nilotica 441.30 ml/VS (333.278 ml/TS) while 291.28 ml/VS (206.21ml/TS) and 127.923 ml/VS (81.272 ml/TS) for Z. album and Z. coccineum respectively. The chemical structure of these plants was the main factor controlling the variation in biogas production especially cations (Ca2+, Na+, K+, Mg2+) and organic fractions (volatile solids, crude fiber, crude protein). At high volatile solids with high protein content and low salt content, there was the highest biogas production in A.marina. on the other hand, increasing salt content decreasing biogas as Z. coccineum. That indicates the wild plants can represent a promising source for renewable energy and their solid digestate fraction can be used as bio fertilizer.
Inheritance of main quantitative traits in broad bean (Vicia faba L.)
(Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”, 2020-04-27) Georgieva, Natalia; Kosev, Valentin
The purpose of this study was to analyze the values of some genetic parameters of hybrid populations of Vicia faba, which would allow rational selection of desired genotypes in terms of main quantitative traits. The field trial was conducted during the period 2016-2018 at the Institute of Forage Crops (Pleven). Four cultivars (Fb 2481, BGE 002106, BGE 029055, BGE 032012) and their hybrids (Fb 2481 × BGE 002106, BGE 002106 × Fb 2481, BGE 029055 × BGE 032012, BGE 032012 × BGE 029055) were subjects of the study and their quantitative traits were observed in generations F1 and F2. Results showed that the plant height, seeds number and seed weight per plant in all crosses were inherited overdominantly. The alleles of the genes that determined more seeds per plant with an increased weight were dominant. The highest values of hypothetic and true heterosis in F1 were found in cross BGE 029055 × BGE 032012 regarding plant height (82.03%, 81.55%), in Fb 2481 × BGE 002106 – for 1st pod height (49.39%, 40.97%), in BGE 002106 × Fb 2481 – for pods number (36.05%, 32.95) and seed weight (225.47%, 161.36%), and in BGE 032012 × BGE 029055 – for seeds number per plant (117.77%, 96.89%). The coefficients of inheritance in all four crosses had medium to high values for the trait of seed weight per plant.
Legumes in soil surface maintenance system in mountain and biological fruit growing
(Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”, 2020-03-06) Bozhanska, Tatyana
The new methods of soil surface maintenance of the artificial grass establishment or growing of green manure crops applied in modern fruit-growing have been the subject of research in various Agra-ecological areas in Bulgaria but they are not yet implemented in the fruit-growing technology. Legumes are a basic element of these methods because of their nitrogen-fixing system. The present article summarizes our own and foreign results about the suitability of the different types of legumes in this trend. Bulgarian studies confirm the role of legumes in optimizing the nutritional and water regime of fruit crops in the conditions of mountain or biological fruit growing. In view of the fact that there are a wide variety of morphological and biological types of legumes in Bulgaria, it is reasonable to have a special selection of varieties for soil surface maintenance in orchards.
Correlation and regression dependences between quantity and quality indicators depending on fertilizing of bird's-foot-trefoil with humate fertilizers
(Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”, 2020-02-18) Churkova, Boryana
During the period of 2013-2015 in the experimental field of RIMSA-Troyan was conducted an experiment. The experimental design was a block with 4 replications with a plot size of 5 m2 of grassland with 'Targovishte 1' bird's-foot-trefoil cultivar. The following fertilizing variants were examined: control - null, phosphorus humate (3000 l'ha), boron humate (1600 l/ha) and molybdenum humate (1600 l/ha) and phosphorus humate (2500 l/ha) + boron humate (1000 l/ha) + molybdenum humate (1000 l/ha). On the basis of the data obtained from previous publications, correlation dependencies and regression equations are made between quantitative and qualitative indicators depending on fertilization with humate fertilizers. The crude protein content has been found to have high positive correlations with the percentage of leaves in the grassland (r = 0.8173) and the weight percentage of bird's-foot-trefoil (r = 0.7835), which allows the development of graphical regression models. There is a high correlation between the height of the plants and the relative share of the stems in the grassland (r = 0.8058), as well as between FUM and FUG (r = 0.9457). The high coefficient of determination between the percentage share of bird's-foot-trefoil and the quantity of the stems R2 = 0.9087 determines the equation of the regression dependence between these two components (y = 1.2167x-65,001).
Factors affecting population dynamic and preference of Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris in winter pea lines
(Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”, 2020-02-18) Nikolova, Ivelina
Population dynamics and preference of Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris on six winter pea lines in field condition were studied. Aphid number was recorded on marked plants by counting. The impact of several factors on the population growth and pea aphid choice during the period 2016-2018 was tracked. Weather condition strongly affected on the population dynamics of the pea aphid. The highest positive and significant effect on pea aphid infestation had the temperature (r = 6.748) followed by humidity (r =1.992). It was found that a peak in the aphid population density was reached in the sensitive stage of pod formation, as well as at flowering under a favorable weather condition. Among winter pea lines, lines 6 and 12A stood out with a significantly lower aphid density, nitrogen concentration and shorter generative period. They were much less preferred by aphids and defined as tolerant. Also, the interaction between aphid density and generative period as well as total nitrogen was positive and significant.
Effects of reuterin-producing Lactobacillus reuteri strain plus glycerol on the quality and aerobic stability of laboratory sorghum silage
(Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”, 2020-04-27) González, Marcela J.; Olivera, Jorge; Chilibroste, Pablo; Reginensi, Stella
Aerobic spoilage of silage is one of the main causes of economic losseses to the livestock industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of reuterin-producing L. reuteri SO23 plus glycerol on the aerobic stability of laboratory sorghum silage. Chopped sorghum was added with 2% glycerol and inoculated with L. reuteri SO23 and/or a commercial silage additive. Treated forage was packed in laboratory silos and stored for 90 days. Microbial inoculation did not affect the chemical parameters and all silages had low pH values (≤3.63). It was determined that silages inoculated with LAB strains were characterized by higher DM recovery (P<0.001) and aerobic stability (P<0.001), and lower mould and yeast counts (P=0.009). Aerobic spoilage began at day 7 for untreated control silage, and between day 12 and 15 for inoculated silages. Control and treated silages showed some differences in mould counts during the time of exposure to oxygen, but the extent of these differences was dependent on the inoculant applied. In conclusion, inoculation with L. reuteri SO23 plus glycerol improved aerobic stability of sorghum silage, retarded pH increase upon exposure to air, and slowed down the increase of moulds and yeasts populations from day 4 of aerobic exposure. The results also showed that the combination of L. reuteri SO23 and commercial additive is preferable because this combination reduced fermentation losses, mould and yeast counts, and improved silage aerobic stability.
Antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm-forming ability of Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from the urogenital tract of outpatients
(Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”, 2020-02-18) Tsankova, Marinela; Marhova, Mariana; Kostadinova, Sonya; Iliev, Ivan
Enterococci are increasingly associated with infections of urogenital tract. The two species Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are the third most commonly isolated pathogens in catheter-associated UTIs. Both species are capable of producing biofilms, with E. faecalis being more frequently isolated. This study explores the antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation ability of 72 Enterococcus faecalis isolates, collected for one-year period from the urogenital tract of outpatients. The results showed that urinal tract infections (UTIs), caused by enterococci are more frequent among children up to 10 years of age, while genital tract infections (GTI) are most often observed in women in reproductive age. Antimicrobial resistance was low, with higher levels for UTI agents compared to GTI isolates. The results demonstrate 100% susceptibility to penicillins, which are the most effective agents for treatment of infections caused by Enterococcus faecalis. The resistance to fluoroquinolones was < 19%, with clearly defined cross-resistance. Biofilm formation was established for 26% of the tested strains after 24 h of cultivation on tryptic soy broth, with OD630 values for the biofilms in range 0.050-0.200. This categorizes the isolates as low-grade biofilm-forming strains. The susceptibility profile of strains in present study confirms need always to detect resistance of isolates before antibiotic prescriptions from physicians.
Evaluation the effects of Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin B on BAX, p53, Caspase3 and Bcl-2 genes expression in gastric cancer cell line
(Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”, 2020-04-27) Shahrokhi, Matineh Rahmani Ghaleh; Doosti, Abbas
Gastric cancer is known as the fourth cancer in the world and the second cause of cancer death. According to studies, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) Enterotoxin B has a major role in inducing apoptosis in various cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the apoptosis gene expression after gastric cancer cell treatment with enterotoxin B. In this experimental study, the pcDNA3.1(+)–seb recombinant plasmid, after amplification in E. coli strain TOP10F and extraction was introduced into AGS cells by lipofection method. After 10 days of treatment with neomycin antibiotic, total cellular RNA was extracted and cDNA was constructed for real time PCR for apoptotic genes of p53, BAX, caspase3 and Bcl-2, as well as the GAPDH as a reference gene. The results showed an increase in the expression of BAX, and p53 genes and decreased Bcl-2 and caspase3 expression at a significant level. As compared to the AGS cell, which did not receive the seb gene, the cells containing the toxin gene had progressed more towards apoptosis. Enterotoxin B, expressed in gastric cancer cells, increases the expression of pro-apoptosis genes and reduces the expression of anti-apoptotic genes. According to evidence, this poison can act as an anticancer agent in the AGS cell line.
Microbiological, physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of probiotic Bulgarian yoghurts obtained by an ultrafiltered whole cow’s milk
(Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”, 2020-04-27) Dushkova, Mariya; Kodinova, Siyka; Yanakieva, Velichka; Denkova, Zapryana
Ultrafiltration of whole cow’s milk with ultrafiltration polyacrilonitrile membrane with 10 kDa molecular weight cut-off at volume reduction ratios 2 and 3 was performed. The obtained ultrafiltration retentates were used for production of probiotic Bulgarian yoghurts with three different starters. A control sample was prepared using whole cow’s milk with the same starters. All yoghurts were analyzed according to the following parameters: titratable acidity, dry matter, organoleptic characteristics, concentration of specific microorganisms, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus, as well as the total count of viable lactic acid bacteria for 28 days of storage. The results showed that the increase in the volume reduction ratio during ultrafiltration increased the titratable acidity, as well as the dry matter of all examined yoghurts. The level of ultrafiltration concentration led to an increase in the viable lactic acid bacteria in all tested yoghurts which improves their functional properties.
The Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of di-isononyl phthalate and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate: An in vitro and in vivo approach on toxicological assessment
(Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”, 2019-07-15) Revathy, Venugopal; Chitra, Kumari Chidambaran
The aim of the present study was to analyze the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of two selected phthalates, di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in vivo and in vitro using fish model, Oreochromis mossambicus and cell lines as Chinese Hamster Ovary-K1 (CHO-K1) cells, TA97A, TA98 and TA100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium and human peripheral erythrocytes. In vivo toxicological assessment showed genotoxicity of DINP and DEHP at 300 ppm and 60 ppm concentrations exposed for 60 days, which was evident by the formation of micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes of the fish. However, comet analysis revealed no genotoxic effects of the phthalates in which tail length and percent tail DNA remained unchanged. In vitro analysis showed mutagenicity of DINP and DEHP in Salmonella typhimurium tester strains. Study on human peripheral blood lymphocytes showed the formation of micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear bud. Exposure of phthalates in CHO-K1 cells showed significant (P<0.05) increase in the tail length and tail DNA percent in DEHP while DINP showed negative results. Cell viability test using MTT assay in CHO-K1 cells showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in cell viability while lactate dehydrogenase release test showed cytotoxicity of exposed phthalates. The study illustrated that DINP and DEHP exerted genotoxic effects both in vivo and in vitro could be relatively unsafe for the organisms. Further, the study can be used as a biomonitoring tool to alarm the risk of plasticizers that enter into the aquatic or nearby environment from the production or release sites.
Effects of biofertilizers on the growth, physiological parameters, and essential oil content of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
(Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”, 2019-07-15) Fattahi, Saeid; Khodabakhshzadeh, Alireza; Khazaei, Iraj; Rostami, Ghader
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is one of the widely cultivated medicinal crops that is used as kitchen herb, vegetables, spice, and especially its essential oil and extracts as therapeutics. One of the promising methods to improve basil growth, yield, and essential oil is use of biofertilizers. In this study, we compared three treatments (methionine, humic acid, and nitroxin) arranged as 2*2*3 factorial based on completely randomized design with three replicates. All treatments significantly increased basil growth parameters, physiological traits, and content of essential oil (P < 0.05). Based on our results, the best and highest amount of parameters (plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, number of branch, dry weight, shoot diameter, root length, plant biomass, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, SPAD index, and essential oil) was observed in plants treated with 1 l/ha of methionine*5 l/ha of humic acid*3 l/ha of nitroxin (P ≤ 0.05). In terms of root dry weight and chlorophyll a, the best mean was observed in plants treated with the mixture of 1 l/ha of methionine*5 l/ha of humic acid and the mixture of 5 l/ha of humic acid*3 l/ha of nitroxin (P ≤ 0.05). Especially for content of essential oil (shoots and leaves), plants treated with 1 l/ha of methionine*5 l/ha of humic acid*3 l/ha of nitroxin showed +2.5-fold increase compared to control plants. In conclusion, results of this research suggest that the combination of methionine*humic acid*nitroxin could be an efficient and promising biofertilizers to improve the growth of basil, especially its essential oil.
Allelopathic tolerance in white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) accessions to Sorghum halepense extracts
(Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”, 2019-07-15) Georgieva, Natalia
Modern farming requires a better understanding of the response of species, and in the particular experiment, of accessions, to the influence of weeds in order to develop agricultural systems that are more dependent on ecological interactions and less dependent on the use of pesticides. The present lab study aimed to estimate the tolerance of white lupine accessions to Sorghum halepense extracts on the seed germination and initial growth of the crop. Studied factors were: white lupine accessions – ten levels (Lp01, Lp04, Lp06, Lp10, Lp21, Lp23, Lp25, Lp27, Lp28 Lp29), aqueous extracts – two levels (shoot and root biomass of S. halepense) and concentrations of the extracts – four levels (1.0%, 5.0%, 10.0% and distilled water as control). The results showed a different tolerance of the ten accessions to allelopathic action of the aqueous extracts. Increasing concentrations of the extracts inhibited seed germination (by 5.0 to 10% in the different accessions), elongation and accumulation of primary germ (2.4 to 71.2% and 3.0 to 56.2%, respectively. The GGEbiplot analysis, representing the summary effect of the action of weed extracts on the germination and growth parameters in different concentrations, determined Lp 01, Lp 04 and Lp 10 as tolerant. Sensitivity exhibited Lp 21, Lp 25 and Lp 23. The correlation analysis of data showed that accessions whose seeds had a higher 1000 seeds mass, higher seed vigor index and protein content were less affected by the inhibitory effect of S. halepense extracts, respectively, they exhibited a higher tolerance.
The effects of heavy metal stress in wheat plant on certain phenolic compounds
(Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”, 2019-07-15) Sanal, Filiz
Plants are exposed to stress conditions depending on the lack of adaptation when unfavourable conditions occur in their environment. One of these stress conditions is heavy metal pollution. Defence systems are activated in order to protect cells under stress conditions and keep the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under control and to eliminate ROS. Phenolic compounds are effective compounds for eliminating and neutralizing free radicals. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of the short-term application (1 and 5 days) of arsenic, cadmium and lead (15μM, 30μM and 60μM mixtures) to a wheat species that was registered by Trakya Agricultural Research Institute in 2014 on phenolic contents. Material and Method: In the phenolic content analyses performed on wheat stems, the analyses were conducted using the Agilent 1260 Infinity Liquid Chromatography (LC), Agilent 6460 Triple Quadrupole MS/MS System (Jet Stream Electrospray ion source). The results obtained were checked qualitatively, and then the quantitative analysis results were calculated by adding the results to the calibration graphs in Mass Hunter QQQ Quantitative Analysis programme, based on the areas of the peaks. Findings and Discussion: The amounts of many compounds that exhibit phenolic features in wheat plant in plants treated with the mixture doses of 15μM, 30μM and 60 μM resulted in an increase and decrease when compared to the control group. It was determined that the phenolic compounds investigated were affected by short-term heavy metal stress in the wheat plant and significant changes occurred in their amounts.
Errata: A contribution to the study of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the Western Rhodope Mts. (Bulgaria), published in J. BioSci. Biotech. 2017, 6(3): 203-209
(Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”, 2019-07-15) Teofilova, Teodora Marius
This is the check list of the ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) captured in different localities in the Western Rhodope Mts. in the period 2014 – 2017. A total of 133 species were found, including 16 endemic (12% of all), 5 relicts and ten new for the studied area species. Genera Badister and Tachys were reported for the first time from the Western Rhodopes. The faunistic contribution was made for a region researched in detail for the last in 2006. The results proved the predominantly mesophilous nature of the habitats due to the large percentage of forest territories. The life forms of the carabids showed the prevalence of the zoophages over the mixophytophages both in qualitative (67%: 33%) and in quantitative terms (85.5%: 14.5%).
Evaluation of antibacterial efficiency of chitosan nanoparticles on Salmonella bongori
(Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”, 2019-07-15) Milasi, Yaser Eshaghi; Jafari, Marzieh; Rezaei, Mohammad Hossein; Amini-Chermahini, Fatemeh; Nikbakht, Mohammad
Salmonella bongori, which belongs to the genus of Salmonella, is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, typically considered a microbe of cold-blooded animals and causes salmonellosis in human being characterized by cramping and diarrhea. These bacteria become resistant to antibiotics and make some problems in the treatment. Researches needed to find a more appropriate and accurate way to get help from chitosan nanoparticle technology. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of chitosan nanoparticles against Salmonella bongori. After culture and preparation of Salmonella bongori, ionic gelation method was used to produce chitosan nanoparticles. Hole plate and tube dilution methods were used in qualitative determination of antimicrobial activities against Salmonella bongori. Finally, zeta's analysis assay, dynamic optical scanning, and electron microscopy performed to evaluate nanoparticles. Low molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles were produced by analyzing the results of optical dynamics scattering (111.7 nm), zeta analysis (20.8 mV) and microscopy (<200 nm). The diameter of the non-growth halo at different concentrations revealed chitosan and antibiotic nanoparticles had a high and effective effect against bacteria. According to the results, there was a significant relationship between the chitosan nanoparticles resistance and antibiotics against bacteria. On the other hand, the nanoparticles antibacterial properties were higher than antibiotics, which can be deduced from chitosan nanoparticles for controlling diseases and destroying resistant bacterial species.
Agronomic performances and nutritional composition of three morphotypes of spider plant (Cleome gynandra L.) under different doses of compost
(Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”, 2019-07-15) Kiebre, Zakaria; Traore, Ernest Renan; Kiebre, Mariam; Bationo-Kando, Pauline; Kabore, Dramane; Sawadogo, Boureima; Sawadogo, Mahamadou
Spider plant is an important dietary supplement for the local population of Burkina Faso. The present study aims to evaluate the agronomic and biochemical response of three morphotypes to the variation of compost dose. The split-plot design with three repetitions was used for experiment. Three morphotypes, i.e slightly-violet, green and violet, were evaluated using four doses of compost. The results revealed that the agromorphological traits and biochemical composition vary considerably according to the compost dose. About 6t/ha was identified as the best for biomass production and nutritional profile of spider plant. In general, the agronomic response of morphotypes to the variation of compost dose is not significantly different, except biomass. However, under low fertility conditions, the green morphotype records the best performances whereas in high fertility conditions, the slightly-violet records the best performances. For the biochemical composition, the content of nutrients depends more of compost dose than morphotype.
Chrysin and its relation with gastric cancer
(Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”, 2019-07-15) Arshi, Asghar; Jafari, Marzieh; Sadeghi, Arezoo; Gholami, Mostafa; Kabiri, Hamidreza; Abolhasani, Marziyeh
Treatment of cancer has recently become a main topic for researchers. The rate of this disease is extremely high. Recently, about 14.1 million new cases of cancer occurred globally. It caused about 8.2 million deaths of all human deaths. Chrysin has been the subject of many studies due to its anticancer activity and has an overexpressing effect on eIF4E. The expression of eIF4E is regularly observed in different types of cancer, making eIF4E an attractive target for anticancer drugs. Our results indicated important molecular mechanisms involved in the chrysin anticancer activity. We hope this review help to develop ways of improving the effectiveness of chrysin in the treatment of gastric and other human cancers.
Technological properties of some lactic acid bacteria and interactions with Saccharomyces cerevisiae PFC121 in tarhana dough during fermentation
(Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”, 2019-07-15) Gül, Latife Betül; Çon, Ahmet Hilmi
In this study, the interactions between Saccharomyces cerevisiae PFC121 and lactic acid bacteria (LAB; Pediococcus acidilactici PFC69, Lactobacillus namurensis PFC70, Lactococcus lactis PFC77 isolated from tarhana sourdoughs) in tarhana dough during fermentation period of 7 days were investigated. The technological properties of LAB were also determined. Presence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae PFC121 had significantly effect on the lactic acid bacteria counts and chemical properties. L. namurensis PFC70 and Lc. lactis PFC77 counts were decreased during fermentation period when used mix culture with yeast. The counts of P. acidilactici PFC69 with yeast decreased comparing the counts of P. acidilactici PFC69 alone. S. cerevisiae PFC121 counts in tarhana dough samples were not affected by the presence of lactic acid bacteria. Co-culturing S. cerevisiae with lactic acid bacteria was caused the decrease of lactic acid level and significantly affected other organic acid amounts of tarhana dough. S. cerevisiae PFC121 may be used with lactic acid bacteria because of being not too much interaction between them and the effect of yeast on the aroma formation.
β-Galactosidase from strains isolated from breast milk and infant saliva: characterization and participation in absorption of different oligosaccharides
(Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”, 2019-07-15) Mollova, Daniela; Vasileva, Tonka; Iliev, Iliya
Lactobacillus are Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria that naturally occur in the human intestinal tract. They are considered to be beneficial commensals for human health because they prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria by lowering the intestinal pH and stimulate the host’s immune system to enhance antipathogenic and anticarcinogenic activities. The intestines of breastfed infants are colonized by Lactobacillus within a week after birth, in comparison with those of bottle-fed infants. In our study, we have isolated bacterial strains of breast milk and infants saliva. The isolates were identified by 16S RNA and API identification. This report details the ability of the isolated strain to metabolized human milk oligosaccharides and we clarified that HMOs was sequentially degraded by different glycosidases. We studied the potential of β-galactosidases from studied strains to metabolize carbohydrates from breast milk. We investigated the β-galactosidase activity after cultivation of medium containing different concentration HMOs, lactose and some oligosaccharides.
Efficacy of some bioinsecticides against the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) under laboratory conditions
(Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”, 2020-07-22) Atanasova, Daniela; Vasilev, Pavlin
The efficacy of three bioinsecticides: the microbial Naturalis (Beauveria bassiana), the botanical Pyrethrum FS EC (pyrethrin + sesame oil + soft potassium soap) and NeemAzal T/S (azadirachtin), allowed for application in organic farming in Bulgaria, against larvae and adults of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was studied under laboratory conditions. The best results from the tested products showed microbial insecticide Naturalis (Beauveria bassiana). At a concentration of 0.2%, the efficacy reached 78.4% and 68.4% on the 5-th day for larvae and adults, respectively, and 100% on the 7-th day after the treatment for both larvae and adults. The preparation showed very good action in its low concentration (0.1%) – efficacy was 88.5% and 68.5% on the 7-th day after the treatment for larvae and adults, respectively. Insecticides based on plant extracts showed very good results. The botanical insecticide Pyrethrum FS EC showed a fast initial action and good effectiveness. At a concentration of 0.1%, the efficacy reached 96.5% and 86.5% on the 5-th day for larvae and adults, respectively, and 100% on the 7-th day after the treatment for both. The botanical insecticide NeemAzal T/S at a concentration of 0.3% the efficacy was 81.8% and 63.7% for larvae and adults, respectively on the 7-th day after the treatment. At its low concentration of 0.1%, the NeemAzal T/S had insufficient effect and efficacy was only was 59.3% and 29.8% on the 7-th day after the treatment for larvae and adults, respectively.

Browse

Recent Submissions