Pseudocholinesterase levels and atherogenic indices as indicators of invasive and non-invasive bladder cancer
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Date
2025-07-15
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski”
Abstract
Background. Bladder cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer found in the bladder system and is the tenth most common carcinoma worldwide. Pseudocholinesterase (PChE) is one of the serum proteins. Serum PChE has been recognized as an indicator of outcomes in several cancers; nevertheless, its correlation with oncological results in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) remains largely unexamined. The study aims to assess the association of the PChE levels and lipid indices, including the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), Castelli's risk index II (CRI-II), and the atherogenic coefficient (AC), with the development of MIBC and to use them as indicators of the development of MIBC in the Iraqi population.
Methods: The present case-control research involved 160 patients (80 with NMIBC and 80 with MIBC) from the Central Hospital of Tumor in Najaf Governorate, Iraq. The serum PChE level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while lipid profile parameters were measured using colorimetric assay techniques.
Results: The estimation of demographic and biochemical data revealed significant differences in smoking, PChE, AIP, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), highdensity lipoprotein (HDL), Triglyceride (TG), and Total cholesterol (TC) in NMIBC patients compared to those in the MIBC group. The logistic regression analysis of AIP, CRI-I, CRI-II, and AC levels revealed a significant association with MIBC at 4, 3, and 1 fold, respectively, while no association was found with PChE levels.
Conclusion: In the present study, the lipid indices' levels of AIP, CRI-II, and AC are associated with the development of MIBC and could be used to help physicians assess and confirm the presence of MIBC, while PChE failed to associate with the development of the disease.
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Keywords
pseudocholinesterase, MIBC, NMIBC, bladder cancer, AIP