First comprehensive study on the tetrapod fauna of “Byala Krava” Reserve, Central Balkan Mtns., Bulgaria
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Date
2026-05-12
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Publisher
Plovdiv University "Paisii Hilendarski"
Abstract
The “Byala krava” Reserve is located in the easternmost part of the Central Balkan Mountains, within the administrative boundaries of Elena Municipality, Bulgaria. It covers an
area of 93.4 hectares and is entirely situated within the EU Natura 2000 network site BG0000211 “Tvardishka Planina.” Despite its relatively small size, the reserve is characterized by a mosaic of mountain forest habitats and rocky formations, which contribute to high ecological heterogeneity and potential for species richness. Previous records have indicated the presence of numerous vertebrate species, including those with national and European conservation status. The current study, conducted between May and September 2024, aimed to provide an updated inventory of the vertebrate fauna and assess potential conservation threats. Standardized field methods included transect walks for visual and acoustic detection of amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, along with the use of box traps for small mammals, camera traps for medium and large mammals, and ultrasonic detectors for bats. A total of 55 vertebrate species were documented, comprising 4 amphibians, 1 reptile, 33 bird species, and 17 mammal species, several of which are of conservation concern at national and international levels. In addition to biodiversity data, several anthropogenic pressures were recorded in the surrounding areas, including logging in adjacent areas, poaching, and recreational disturbance. These factors may contribute to habitat degradation and species displacement. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous monitoring and the implementation of targeted management measures to mitigate human impacts and ensure the long-term conservation of the reserve’s biological diversity.
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Keywords
biodiversity, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, vertebrates